Hydraulic motor



Fan, 15, 1948., O RQSEN 2,393,223

I HYDRAULIC MOTOR Filed Dec. 29, 1941 v 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 a f WENTOR.

Jan. 15, 1946.

o. E. ROSEN 2,393,223

HYDRAULIC MOTOR Filed Dec. 29, 1941 5' Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

o. E. ROSEN 2,393,223

HYDRAULIC MOTOR Filed Dec. 29, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 /76-/0 E w wok BYJam, n v v Patented Jan. 15, 1946 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HYDRAULICMOTOR Oscar E. Rosen, Detroit, Mich. Application December 29, 1941,Serial No. 424,732

3 Claims.

The present invention relates to hydraulic motors and specifically toreversible hydraulic motors of the vane type.

Among the objects of the invention is to increase the efiiciency of suchmotors by decreasing the leakage past the vanes, particularly during theslow speed and high load conditions.

Another object is a vane type motor in which while the vanes are forcedoutwardly against the enclosing housing, the friction between said vanesand housing is reduced to a minimum.

Another object is a motor of the vane type which will have a greater andmore uniform torque delivery than those heretofore known and used.

Still other objects will readily appear to those skilled in the art uponreference to the following description and the accompanying drawings inwhich Figure 1 is a central horizontal sectional view of a motorembodying the present invention.

Figure 2 is an elevational view of the inner face of member A to theleft in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a similar view of the member B to the right in Figure 1.

Figures 4 and 5 are respectively face and edge views of the rotorwithout the vanes.

Figure 6 is a face view of the rotor and rotor ring showing the vanes inplace.

Figures 7 to 10 are face and edge views of one of the vanes somewhatenlarged; and

Figure 11 is a greatly enlarged partial sectional view showing the formof the outer edge of a vane.

A motor involving the present invention is, as shown in the drawings,composed" of two main body parts A and B which, except for detailsmentioned below, are quite similar, and each consists of a castingprovided with cored chambers having inlet openings 2|. These openingswill not ordinarily all be used, some of them being closed with suitablescrew plugs. For example, the upper openings 2| in Fig. 1 may be active,while the lower ones are closed.

Each of the members A and B is provided in one face with part of therotor chamber and the two parts are provided with suitable mating flangeand seat elements 22. When the parts are together, a suitable gasket 23will be used to prevent leakage.

Within the rotor chamber will be mounted the rotor 25 shown in detail inFigures 4 to 11, and the rotor ring 26 which is adapted to surround therotor and coact with the rotor vanes.

maintain the shaft in its The rotor is provided with sleeve-like axialextensions 30 serving as bearing members which in turn are mounted inthe parts A and B. It is also splined upon a shaft 3| which passesthrough the two body portions A and B having its ends projecting fromthe motor. The end 3| A of the shaft member is used for connection tothe mechanism to be driven, while the end 3|B is preferably providedwith flattened faces whereby'a handle may be applied.

The shaft 3| will be mounted in suitable antifriction bearings 32 andconventional oil rings 33 may be used to prevent escape of fluid fromthe rotor chamber to the outside along the walls of the shaft. Suitableend plates 34 will be used to proper position.

The faces of the two parts A and B in which the rotor chamber is formed,are shown in Figures 2 and 3, Figure 3 showing the face of part B whileFigure 2 shows the part A. These faces are substantially identical andeach shows the rotor end of passageways 40 and 4|, the passageways inpart B being indicated as 40A and A. It should be noted that thepassages 40 and 40A consist each of a number of drilled holes, thecombined area of which is greater than the area of the correspondingpassages 4| and 4 IA. These passageways 40 and 4|, each, 180 apart, bothlead from the same chamber 20, and the passageways 40 lead into therotor chamber near the base of the vanes, while the passageways 4| openinto the chamber near the outer edge of the vanes into the arcuatedepressions MB. The passageways in part B are similar to those in partA, but it should be noted that when the two parts are together, thepassageways in part B are displaced degrees from those in part A. r

The rotor consists of a disc portion 45 provided with the axial bearingextension 30, and with a plurality of radial slots 46. These slots areprovided in their bottoms with an enlarged chamberhave the bottom wall48 of a purpose to be explained like portion 41 and the slot ground forlater.

The rotor 45 is, as stated above, surrounded by the ring 26, which isconveniently circular on the outside, but whose inside perimeter isdivided into four zones 4949A, 50- -50A. These zones have cylindricalwalls and the wall of the zones 5|] and 50A are formed with a radiusonly slightly larger than the radius of rotor 45. The zones 49 and 49Aare also cylindrical and on a like radius, but with their centersdisplaced from the center of which there are two of the rotor 50 thatthese latter zones form in effect chambers concentric with the rotor.

The two chambers are displaced from each other .180" and are of courseseparated by the 50A. This ring 48 is mounted in A and B, and isprefzones 5|) and the rotor chamber in parts erably maintained againstmovement by means member 55A and 553 having beveled edges on four sidesas indicated in Figures 7 to 11. Each vane member is so beveled as toprovide a small chamber 56 in the outer edge of the vane, and passagesor grooves 51 in the side edges, while the bottom edge bevelling at 58provides for passage of fluid around and under the vane in the bottom ofthe slot 45. It is preferred also to cut I away a portion of the bottomedge as at 59, as indicated in Figures 7 and 9.

The outer edge faces of the vane members 55A and 55B are, as shown inFigure 11, provided with a portion 80 which is ground on a radiusslightly larger than the radius of the rotor and a small outer edgebevel 6 The two parts A and B are fastened together.

by suitable screws 10 with the ring 26 acting as a spacer. This leaves asmall space 1| which is drained through the opening 123 leading toasuitable outlet passage in boss 13. The space I4 around shaft 3| willalso be drained by a suitable passageway, "A, leading to the same boss.

Referring now to Figure 6, it will be noted that, in the embodimentshown, there are twelve vanes 55 in the rotor and that the zones 50 and50A are of such length as to extend over three vanes while the zones 49and 49A are somewhat longer.

It will also be seen that the depressions 4H3 form continuations of thepassages 4| and MA, and that these depressions open to the spacesbetween the vanes several degrees behind the point where the passages 40and 40A open to the chambers 41 behind the vanes. (This is assuming acounterclockwise rotation of the rotor, Fig. 6.)

It should also be noted that the passages 4|) and 40A are considerablylarger than the passages and A.

When the several parts of the motor are assembled, the diametricallyopposite passages 40 and 4| are displaced 90 from the diametricallyopposite passages 40A and 4 |A so that one of each pair is in positionto coact with each motor chamber or zone 49 and 49A.

The resulting action of the several parts and passages mentioned is asfollows:

Fluid under pressure, supplied to a chamber 20, enters the passages 40and 4| (to produce the counterclockwise motion, Fig. 6) and, since thepassage 40 is open ahead of passage 4|, the. first action is to thrustthe vane 55 outward against the ring 26. Then, as soon as the rotor hasmoved a few degrees, fluid from passage 4| flows behind the vane tocontinue the rotation.

When the rotor has moved a quarter of a revolution the fluid flows outof the passages 40A and HA into the other chamber 20 and out.

By virtue of the fact that the passage 4| is smaller than its parallelpassage 40, and also the fact that passage 40 leads into a chamber'orchambers from which there is no free flow while there is free flow orits equivalent through a passage 4|," the pressure in the chambers 41behind the vanes will be greater than the pressure between the vanes.

As a result, the vanes are held out against the ring 26 throughout whatmay be termed the power quadrant," that is, until the rotor hasv movedfar enough for the fluid to begin to exhaust through the passages 40Aand A.

- However, unless something is done to compensate for it, the outwardpressure on the vanes under such conditions would be too great and wouldresult in too great friction between the vanes and ring 26, withconsequent excessive wear. So, a suitable proportion of this pressure iscounteracted by forming in the outer ends of the blades the chambers 55and connecting these with the chambers 41 by the grooves 5']. By thismeans the outward thrust upon the'vanes may be partially balanced andreduced to a suitable amount.

Further, by making the vanes of two leaves, the chamber 56 is maintainedeven when the vane is moving along the slope between, for example, zones49 and 50.

As stated above, during the power quadrant, the vanes are pressedoutwardly. When, however, the vanes reach the exhaust quadrant, theaction changes. When the liquid begins to flow out, the flow will bemore free through the passages 40A than through MA and consequentlythere will be a higher pressure between than behind the vanes, and dueto the beveled edges 6|, the vanes will be thrust inwardly and willremain in their inner position until again thrust outwardly as describedabove.

It is, of course, to be understood that the above described action takesplace simultaneously in both zones 49 and 49A, so that the motor isexactly balanced. In order to insure a balanced p.'essure, at the sideedges of the vanes, the slots I40 and MI may be formed between thepassages 40 and 40A and between the passages 4| and MA.

Now having described the invention and the preferred embodiment thereof,it is to be understood that the invention may be embodied in otherspecific forms without departing from the spirit or essential scopethereof, and it is desired that the present embodiment be considered inall respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being had tothe appended claims rather than to the foregoing description to indicatethe scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. A hydraulic motor of the vane type consisting of mating housingmembers having provided in their adjacent faces a. rotor chamber, fluidinlet and outlet means connected to said chamber near the peripherythereof, fluid inlet and outlet means connected to said chamber near theaxis thereof, a rotor in said chamber and provided with radially movablevanes, said vanes each consisting of a pair of leaves notched at theirradially inward edges to provide a small chamber, and beveled at theiradjacent radially outward edges to provide a second small chamber andalso provided with a passage connecting said small chambers, said lastmentioned fluid inlet entering said chamber at the inner edges of saidvanes, means for supplying fluid under pressure to an inlet at theperiphery and an inlet near the axis and means for maintaining a higherpressure at the second mentioned inlet than that at the peripheralinlet,

slot, an inlet chamber for receiving fluid under and their adjacent sideedge corners whereby to and means for conducting the higher pressureriphery oi. said rotor between the outer edges of fluid to the outeredge faces 01' said vanes. said vanes.

,2. In a rotary vane type motor, a rotor having 3. In a rotary motor ofthe vane type, a rotor radial slots therein, movable vanes in saidslots, provided with radial slots, and with movable vanes said vanesbeing each provided with a chamber 5 in said slots, said vanes eachconsisting of two in its radially outer edge and with conduit meansleaves arranged in face to face relation, the leaves connecting saidrecess with the inner end 01' its being beveled on their adjacent outeredge corners pressure, a relatively large passageway leading form achamber in said outer edge and channels from said inlet chamber to saidrotor to the inner 10 leading therefrom to the rearward edge face. ends01' said slots, and a relatively small passage- OSCAR E. ROSEN. wayleading from said chamber to the outer pe-

